Is Singapore a Nation?

When you think of Singapore, you will think of the myriad of international awards and global benchmark this city-state has achieved within its first 50 years of independence. It is commendable – her success that is. Having attained self-governance in 1959 and subsequently independence in 1965, her economic miracle in the decades to come is deserving of being looked upon as an economic model of success. Her emergence came as a shock as she was expelled from Malaysia in 1965 due to clashing political ideologies, and nobody knew what to expect. The emergence of the imperiled Singapore brewed much uncertainty and anxiety in a â€Å"Chinese land in the sea of Malays† environment. Certainly though, Singapore has come so far into being what she is today. As we slowly transit into a new political era and hand over the political reins to fresher and younger batch of Singapore's fourth-generation leaders, it is worth to stop and reflect. Having gone through 50 years of independence, can it be truly said that Singapore is a nation? Has she become a nation, or is she still in the process of nation-building; a nation-in-progress? This essay will discuss at large with regards to where Singapore stands in this issue. Before proceeding any further, it is crucial to unpack the term nation.Defining the term ‘nation'Nation has never had a concrete definition owing to its broad and complex nature. Scholars, nonetheless, have attempted to define the term nation for pragmatic purposes. As argued by Dawisha Adeed, nation is a form of identity. That individuals identify with their nations the same way they identify with other forms of collective identity. Rupert Emerson also argued that nation is a socio-cultural concept than a political concept. It is the sense of belonging to a community who share the same heritage, and the same future. It is thus agreeable that nation is essentially a sense of belonging to a country. A sense of pride, and a measure of a person's loyalty to a country. In the words of Benedict Anderson, nation is â€Å"an imagined political community† because members may not know most of their fellow members, yet â€Å"in the minds of each lives the image of their communion†. In this regard, it is in my interest to highlight the difference between a state and a nation. As brought up earlier, Singapore is not a nation as of yet on the grounds that Singaporeans do not feel as intense a sense of belonging to Singapore.

Beliefs And Practices In China

The three main religions in China – Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism – originated at about the same time and share common beliefs in human goodness and the need to behave kindly and justly. However, they differ in their practices and, more importantly, in how they view deities and the afterlife. Derived from Confucius’ teachings around 500 BC, Confucianism emphasizes justice, sincerity, morality, and hierarchy.It emphasizes conduct and decorum over spirituality, emphasizing self-control and obedience instead of religious doctrine in the Judeo-Christian sense. Its practices include being sincere, just, and deferential to elders, since it embraces a strict view of worldly hierarchy and the need for etiquette rather than one governed by gods or an omnipotent single God. In this sense, it is less a religion than â€Å"a tradition of ritual/propriety† (Yao 191) which upholds sacrifices to heavenly, earthly, and ancestral spirits (generally performed in temple s).It is hard to define as a religion because it does not fit the Western world’s criteria and is more a tradition and code of behavior; indeed, it was initially used to govern the actions of China’s ancient bureaucrats. (Yao 39) Daoism evolved at about the same time as Confucianism and also embraces virtues like justice, patience, and decency. However, it is more of a religion than Confucianism because it mandates reverence for the Dao (roughly meaning â€Å"the way†), which is â€Å"a cosmic principle, permeating and infusing all aspects of creation with vitality.† (Oldstone-Moore 23) To become one with the Dao, one must attain enlightenment by practicing good, proper behavior in addition to cultivating a spiritual wisdom and serenity through unity with the Tao. Here, Taoism differs sharply from Confucianism, which does not place as much importance on cosmic forces or one’s spiritual nature. It also embraces a more concrete idea of the afterlife than Confucianism, since the Daoist view has the soul entering Hell, being forced to atone, and being reincarnated.(Oldstone-Moore 84-87) Originating in India at roughly the same time as Confucianism and Daoism, Buddhism shares with them the principles of harmony and balance, though to a Westerner it seems more like a religion than either of its fellow faiths. Indeed, its doctrines and rituals are more evolved and clearly-defined than those of China’s other two main religions. Like them, Buddhism teaches that while human nature is essentially good, the world is corrupt and one must practice pure-mindedness and good, just behavior.It also shares with Daoism the importance of seeking cosmic enlightenment, though Buddhists attain it through meditation and discipline. (Wangu 8) However, it also mandates a degree of asceticism (like varying degrees of vegetarianism) not required by Confucianism or Daoism, asking its laypeople to refrain from violence, theft, sexual misconduct, usi ng intoxicants, and â€Å"incorrect speech† (lying, gossiping, etc. ).Also, Buddhism’s concepts of the soul and afterlife are much more developed than those of either Confucianism or Daoism, and it places more emphasis on its written scriptures (which were committed to print during the first century AD). However, it has no supreme being and does not demand exclusive allegiance, as do Western religions; its appeal â€Å"has rested solely on the message of its founder and its flexibility in adapting to different cultures and philosophies. † (Wangu 10) China’s three chief religions share common traits and basic outlooks (which they openly exchanged over the centuries).Confucianism is the most secular and least spiritual, while Daoism has a more evolved sense of the spirit and afterlife and Buddhism the most evolved concepts of these, as well as the most involved code of practices. In all, they represent varying degrees of spirituality and what Westerners wou ld call â€Å"religion. † BIBLIOGRAPHY Oldstone-Moore, Jennifer. Taoism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Wangu, Madhu Bazaz. Buddhism. New York: Facts on File, 2002. Yao, Xinzhong. Religions of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

An Overview of the Legitimization and the Improvement of Drug Rules in America

An Overview of the Legitimization and the Improvement of Drug Rules in America Reforming Americas Drug Policies. An extremely controversial question lingers among citizens and government officials of the United States today. Should drugs be legalized ? Is the War on Drugs working ? After thoroughly researching this topic and understanding each side of the argument, I can easily state that the War on Drugs is not working, and the United States government has taken the wrong approach on handling drugs in the United States. Although it may seem as a problematic solution to some Americans, the legalization (and regulation, of course) of drugs is the only way to solve the issues caused by the newly founded War on Drugs. Legalization will not only halt the wasteful, ineffective War on Drugs, but it will help the United States economy, and solve the over crowding problems in our jails and legal systems that are caused by this war that was begun for the nations public health(Harris 1). Despite the strong opposing arguments, many disagree with this opinion. Many people say the War on Drugs is working, and no benefits can result from legalizing drugs. Drugs are looked down upon, and some are known to be very dangerous, even lethal if abused. In addition, some say drug use rates would only increase if legalized, causing even more problems among our communities. Most people would assume drugs would be more readily available to our youth, and addicts would just be able to get the drugs they crave easier. It is easy to assume things such as this when hearing that legalization is the solution to our nations drug problems, but these assumptions are indeed wrong. When government and health officials in our country became aware of some of the problems certain drug users were going through, such as drug abuse, violence, and death, the officials in our government began to make more and more laws restricting drugs in the United States. These resulted in the prohibition of drugs, making all drugs illegal to posses, manufacture, or distribute (Schaffer 3). Then Nixon declared war on all drugs, and the War on Drugs began, becoming increasingly worse as the years progressed. Under Nixons orders, drug laws became stricter, and efforts were made to try and influence the American population not to do drugs. Lies and propaganda were used in commercials, while outrageous claims were being made to scare people away from drugs (Harris 2). Right away, problems were being caused. The US prison population was relatively stable from about 1926, when figures were first compiled, through 1970. After this point, the effects of Nixons war against drugs, and later t he Reagan and Bush war against drugs, produced a dramatic increase in the number of prisoners. (Schaffer 39). Today, this problem has progressed and has become even worse. There are currently about 1.5 million people in state and Federal prisons and jails throughout the United States. At the current time, at least 24 states are under Federal court orders to relieve prison overcrowding.(Schaffer 39) Despite these high numbers of prisoners that resulted from the War on Drugs, about 10 million Americans are casual drug users (Schaffer 4). These statistics clearly show that a large portion of Americans still use drugs, despite the strict laws that make them illegal. Despite the $15 billion spent on drug use prevention every year, most Americans agree that it is not working (Schaffer 5). American citizens are not the only ones holding the opinion that the war is not working. Official reports state that the war on drugs has reduced the American supply of drugs 10 to 15 percent. However, f ormer San Jose Police Chief Joseph McNamara told New York Magazine, Off the record, [the Drug Enforcement Agency says] its more like one percent.'(Schaffer 32). In addition to the War on Drugs being ineffective, the legalization of drugs will not only eliminate that problem, but it will eliminate other problems caused by the prohibition of drugs. One huge problem in our government today is the money wasted on trying to enforce these drug laws. Jails are also becoming overcrowded, clogging our court systems, and wasting even more money. Some people think that it is good that many convicts go to jail, because it eliminates the violence that supposedly is linked to illegal drugs. Violence is not linked to the use of illegal drugs, and it is only caused by the prohibition. Of all psychoactive substances, alcohol is the only one whose consumption has been shown to commonly increase aggression.(Harris 7). All major authorities agree that the vast majority of drug-related violent crime is caused by the prohibition against drugs, rather than the drugs themselves. This was the same situation which was true during alcohol Prohibition. Alcohol Prohibit ion gave rise to a violent criminal organization. Violent crime dropped 65 percent in the year Prohibition was repealed (Schaffer 12). It is obvious that the prohibition against drugs is the problem, and not the drugs themselves. The violence caused by prohibition is apparent in drug marketing, such as disputes among rival distributors, arguments and robberies involving buyers and sellers, property crimes committed to raise drug money and, more speculatively, social and economic interactions between the illegal markets and the surrounding communities (Schaffer 26). Additionally, the money spent each year on this war could be saved, and used more productively. If the governments of America didnt have to spend so much money on putting drug offenders in jail and making efforts to reduce drug use, they could more wisely use the money on putting more serious criminals in jail. The money could also be used to help more drug abusers with their problems. One way to save much of the money sp ent on the war would directly result from less citizens being put in jail for drug offences. State prisons are so crowded, that at least 24 states are under Federal court orders to relieve prison overcrowding. On average, it costs thirty thousand dollars a year to hold one prisoner in a jail (Schaffer 24). The cost to put a single drug dealer in jail is about $450,000. The same $450,000 can provide treatment or education for about 200 people. In addition, putting a person in prison produces about fifteen dollars in related welfare costs, for every dollar spent on incarceration. Every dollar spent on treatment and education saves about five dollars in related welfare costs. (Schaffer 19). Legalization clearly demonstrates benefits that outweigh any negative effect in this situation, and this can lead to making our communities much better places. Not only would the people of our country gain from legalization of drugs, but our countrys economy would as well. The best analysis done to date by any Federal official shows that legalization of the now illegal drugs would result in a net $37 Billion annual savings. This estimate is considered conservative. That is, it is likely that the savings would be more (Schaffer 18). One important substance that would aid in the boost of our economy is marijuana, or the hemp plant. Hemp is cheaper to produce than cotton, and has many more uses and benefits than cotton does. Growing hemp plants as a cash crop would provide many jobs, and prove to be a large, profitable industry (Gieringer 4). Not only will marijuana be used as a cash crop, but it can also be sold to many Americans, with regulations such as those for alcohol. Substances would be safe because they would come from plausible drug companies, it would eliminate dealers from trying to sell drugs, and it would also be taxable, generat ing money for the government. Marijuana legalization offers an important advantage over decriminalization in that it allows for legal distribution and taxation of cannabis.(Gieringer 5) Also, by eliminating dealers and placing regulations on the substance like those on alcohol, marijuana would also be harder for the youth to get a hold of (Gieringer 7). Altogether, legalization would save the taxpayers around $8 $16 billion, not counting the economic benefits of hemp agriculture and other spin-off industries (Gieringer 8). There are clear positive effects on our economy that could result from the legalization of drugs, or even marijuana alone. The legalization of drugs may seem to be a solution that would only cause more problems in our society, and it may seem that drug use would only increase. However, by making all drugs illegal, the government has taken the wrong approach on solving our nations drug issues. The War on Drugs has proven to only more problems in our society, and these problems can and should be eliminated. There are far too many benefits of legalizing drugs for our countrys laws to remain as they are. Not only is the drug war ineffective, but has caused our jails to become overcrowded. It has also brought violence among our nation with the drug traffickers that smuggle drugs into the country and distribute them. The sixty seven billion dollars that is spent each year on the war on drugs can be used more productively by solving many of our nations other problems, in turn making our country a better place to be.

Conflict and communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Conflict and communication - Essay Example Workplace conflict has become one of the most common issues that arise in many organisations today especially considering that individuals are increasingly being required to work in teams in order to achieve different objectives for their organisations (Esquivel & Kleiner 1997, p.89). Therefore, effective communication skills have become essential for the purpose of resolving conflicts in the workplace because they make it possible for those individuals who have differences to work them out constructively. Moreover, effective communication makes conflict resolution more efficient because individuals in the workplace have a means of making sure that the conflicts between then do not get out of hand. Conflict resolution has developed into a discipline that has a diverse number of theories designed to deal with the various conflicts that arise in the workplace. Most conflict resolution theories are aimed at ensuring that conflicts are resolved in as peaceful a manner possible. One of the most important theories of conflict resolution is the cooperative model which was developed by Morton Deutsch. This model aims at resolving conflict through encouraging cooperation between the opposing parties (Amazon & Shweiger 1997, p.101). Under this theory, it is essential for the aims and the nature of the dispute to be carefully analysed during negotiations in the attempt to resolve the conflict. According to Deutsch, there are two main orientations that result in conflict and its resolution and these are cooperation and competition (Deutsch 1999, p.5). The cooperative disposition of the parties involved in the conflict would eventually result in an atmosphere of trust in such a way that bo th parties would be willing to develop beneficial options for settlement. However, when both parties take on a competitive approach, it would lead to a situation where there is

Management Infomation Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Infomation Systems - Research Paper Example For instance, it provides crucial information at the senior management level to assist them make strategic decisions. At the other levels, it observes the organization’s operations and distributes information to all the employees and customers of an organization. Management Information System is vital in the decision making process of an organization (Shajahan & Priyadharshini, 2004). Management Information System is an organized information system that collects, analysis, distributes and stores data associated with all the departments in an organization (Lucey, 2005). Businesses and organizations use MIS in all levels of their operation to store, collect and process data. Thus, different businesses and organizations use different management information systems in their operations. This paper will use a case study of Axis Bank and Walmart. The different levels of management of Axis Bank and Walmart use management information systems in monitoring and controlling the operations of the organizations. The systems should always be supportive of the organizations long term strategic goals and objectives as well as to the everyday operation requirements (Lucey, 2005). Both Axis Bank and Walmart use the everyday financial accounting systems to ensure the maintenance of basic control over the financial record keeping activities. Financial accounting systems are a type of organizational management information system. They are a crucial part or functional element of the management information system structure. Both Axis Bank and Walmart use financial accounting systems. These systems are mostly focused on internal balancing of organization’s books to the general ledger and other subsystems of financial accounting. Predictive information system is a category of management information system. It provides data and information along with the predictions and the inferences. It helps the management to know what could happen if a

Hopitality Companies Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hopitality Companies Project - Research Paper Example It is not intended to be a vacation destination, but rather a clean and comfy place to rest before moving on with the journey. It is headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. Best Western International offers franchise rights to independent owners, therefore all Best Western hotels are independently owned. Other than any assets that are corporately-owned, this hotel administration acts as the team that handles marketing promotions and makes sure that the brand image is being sent consistently through the licensing efforts. Red Roof Inn has just over 325 locations across the country that are owned by the parent company. Best Western offers many different promotions aimed toward their target markets: the business traveler and the low-resource buyer. During a particular period, the buyer can stay twice and receive a $50 gift card (bestwestern.com, 2010). There is another promotion that involves completing a voting survey to win one million rewards points for Best Western. These promotions show how they have cost in mind and trying to build loyalty in mid-priced target segments. Red Roof Inn has the RediCard which is another type of promotion offering reward points for multiple stays at the chain (redroof.com, 2010). This promotion is aimed at the budget-minded traveler by offering more incentives to get them to remain loyal to Red Roof. There are many smaller, inexpensive hotels and motels that compete with Red Roof therefore they need to remain focused on cost and efficiency. Both Best Western and Red Roof have locations in Miami. Red Roof has a hotel at the Miami Airport with a nice exterior. Best Western has a facility known as the Floridian as well as another location at the Miami Airport. Best Western is located in over 30 different countries, including Belgium, Croatia, Ireland, New Zealand and India (bestwestern.com, 2010). This chain has a very large international presence which would

Externalities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Externalities - Assignment Example Externalities Before considering the five questions we must first recognize that the example of gas emission by a local power plant is that of a negative externality. This is because emissions of such gases cause pollution which is harmful for humans, animals and plants. Although the society is not involved in the emission of these gases but it has to bear the costs (Perloff 2003). Hence the given example is a perfect case of a negative externality. 1. Although there are a number of ways to combat the negative externality, a policy maker must carefully decide on a policy before implementing it. There are a few costs and benefits of each policy and the policy maker should first carry out a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) of all the alternative policies before their final decision. Blinder (1987) has the following to say about solving the negative externality problem: â€Å"Especially when faced with environmental externalities, economists have almost universally objected to government re gulations that mandate specific technologies (especially â€Å"best-available technology†) or business practices. These approaches make environmental cleanup much more expensive than it has to be because the cost of reducing pollution varies widely from firm to firm and from industry to industry. A more efficient solution is to issue tradable â€Å"pollution permits† that add up to the target level of emissions. Sources able to cheaply curtail their negative externalities would drastically cut back, selling their permits to less flexible polluters.† Another solution proposed by Coase (1960 in his Coase Theorem is: â€Å"Under perfect competition, once government has assigned clearly defined property rights in contested resources and as long as transactions costs are negligible, private parties that generate or are affected by externalities will negotiate voluntary agreements that lead to the socially optimal resource allocation and output mix regardless of how t he property rights are assigned† Hence the two possible policies that a policy maker can adopt are using tradable pollution permits or government defined property rights. 2. In the first policy the government will give licenses to firms to pollute. Each license will specify the level of pollution allowed to the firm. Depending on its level of pollution a firm can buy a certain license. Firms that pollute less than the permissible level can trade their license with those firms who cannot keep their pollution levels low. In this way firms are given an incentive to pollute less (Bamford, Brunskill, Cain, Grant, Munday, Walton 2002). The second policy assumes that there are negligible transactions costs. According to Sloman (2007) making someone the owner of the air around the power plant eliminates the effect of a negative externality. Here the two parties involved are the power plant producing the negative externality and the society living in the vicinity of the power plant tha t is affected by the emissions. If the power plant owns property rights to the air then the society pays the power plant to reduce pollution by lowering its production to the optimal level. However if the society is the owner then the power plant will have to pay compensating money to the society for the pollution they cause by increasing production from the optimal level. 3. If the policy maker implements the tradable permits for gases emission it will have benefits for the power plant and government apart from reduced

Discuss and evaluate the social, physical and psychological needs of Essay

Discuss and evaluate the social, physical and psychological needs of children when particpating in sport and exercise - Essay Example In recent years, experts are trying to investigate the social, physical, and psychological needs of children, so that efficient steps can be taken to ensure their proper development. This paper will specifically discuss some of such needs that are essential for children during their sport activities and exercises. It is very imperative to provide positive environment to children, which can motivate them in enhancing their different skills. It is observed that atmosphere plays an important role during sport activities, and one of the significant physical needs for children is a positive and proper environment that should be safe, healthy, secure, as well as, near to nature, as children develops intellectually more quickly in natural environment, rather than artificial one. (Humphrey, pp. 23-25) In addition, children are very sensitive and studies have indicated that a biased environment often reverses their development process. In this regard, guardians and teachers should consider providing opportunity to every child to show his talent and skills, in order to avoid any kind of inferiority or complex, which can be very complicated for their personality development in future. Furthermore, appropriate training is necessary to avoid any kind of psychological abuse that may affect children during participation in sport activities. In this regard, a number of social, physical, and psychological needs are essential and important to enhance the process of personality development in children around the globe. It is hoped that the paper will be beneficial for students, teachers, and professionals in better understanding of the

Writing project 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing project 1 - Essay Example Policies, argued a professor from my community who taught in a faraway university, were the only way that the world progressed. Yet, no policy change was possible without knowledge and education. Being a culturally rich community, people started seeing the importance of reading. In a bid to promote the culture of reading, one of the measures put in place was the introduction of the annual culture-reading week. I always wanted to take part in the event. When my opportunity came, I had the experience that changed my perception about reading and had considerable influence in my entire life as a reader. The desire to inculcate the reading culture among the future generations, it was important to introduce the reading culture to the children at a very young age. There were prizes won in the event, all of which were coveted books. The best readers won a series of storybooks that appeared on a popular television show in form of film. Father knew the importance of reading. Further, he understood the importance of the event. Immediately after the announcement of the event, which was to take place six months from the date of its announcement, father encouraged me to start preparing for the event. As I was new to reading, I faced numerous challenges. I paid little attention to the contents in the book. I even found them less interesting. My elder brother however, who had taken part in the event encouraged me to develop the liking for books. He introduced to comic books first, especially the â€Å"Gulliver the traveler†, which became my most interesting and favorite book. Later, with his assistance, I read the book, â€Å"daisy in wonderland.† As I progressed, I started loving the stories. I saw them being interesting, others captivating. I even started missing the next time I would get the chance to read the book. While my brother stayed up late reading the contemporary issues of the current world, I joined him in the

Motivating the Employees Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivating the Employees - Case Study Example If Maryann is solely responsible for such behavior, then Burt can set Harriet Simon, who had always maintained the reports properly, as an example. However, Maryann failed to properly record the data, and this created grievances among the employees. Such irresponsible behavior by Maryann can considerably reduce the productivity of the employees. Burt needs to communicate to Maryann that such incident occurring due to her actions might lower the morale of the staff. In order to correct the irresponsible behavior of Maryann, it is quite imperative for Burt to act immediately – to identify the reasons for her actions and take corresponding measures to improve the behavior of Maryann and thus stimulate responsible work. Maryann must be reminded of the policies and the procedures of the company that she is supposed to abide by. The meeting can be conducted with Maryann and other employees to discuss the incidents of irresponsibility. During this meeting, the impacts of such unfavor able scenario on the organizational productivity should be addressed and certain corrective strategies developed. Burt could have prevented the dilemma by making his viewpoints apparent to Maryann at the time when he realized that the attitude of Maryann was quite unfavorable and she was incapable of accomplishing the delegated task. If Burt had corrected Maryann at the time she committed a mistake, he would have conveniently prevented the dilemma from occurring. If the evidence of poor performance had been produced before Maryann, the matter would have been resolved. When the evidence reveals the fact that there is an issue with an individual’s performance in terms of conduct, then it is necessary to refer to an organization’s disciplinary procedure. Training and coaching could have been offered to Maryann in order to improve her skills. Through adequate mentoring, Burt could have developed the knowledge  and the skills of Maryann. It is apparent from the case that Maryann was not serious enough and also did not properly focus on her job responsibilities.  

The Music of the Night Essay Example for Free

The Music of the Night Essay In operas, either people love them or hate them. Play and song writer Andrew Lloyd Webber portrays a new light on opera in the famous musical The Phantom of the Opera. In scene five of the musical where the Phantom of the Paris Opera House sings a romantic melody entitled â€Å"The Music of The Night† to the orphaned ballerina dancer Christine Daae, he is telling her to â€Å"Close [her] eyes and surrender to [her]/ darkest dreams!/ Purge [her] thoughts of the life/ [she] knew before!† (12-15). He is basically telling her to live up to her dreams and for her not to let her past hold her back. The Phantom knows that Christine looks up to him as her guide; she calls him â€Å"The Angel of Music†. When her father was alive when she was younger he was a famous violinist and he told her repeatedly that a guardian called â€Å"The Angel of Music† would look after her if he wasn’t able to (Christine’s Character). Christine’s father fell ill and died when she was only seven years old and she was taken in by a family friend that spent a great time at the Opera House—that is where her career started to begin. Christine Daae had troubles and tried to forget about them, but the Phantom knew that it isnt easy to forget someone you once had close to you; and he knew it was affecting her talent. When he sang to her, he reassured her by letting her know that she should â€Å"turn [her] thoughts away from cold, unfeeling light† meaning that when she starts to think about heartbreaking and miserable thoughts, she needs to stop (9-10). In the following lines 24-28, he lets her know that she needs to, â€Å"Open up [her] mind, Let her fantasies unwind, In this darkness which, [She] knows [she] cannot fight- The darkness of the music of the night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Thus, letting her know that even though it is hard to overcome her troubled past, she should bring out her emotions in her performance when she listens to any harmony of music; he knows that in every musical number, there is darkness behind it someway, somehow and she can portray it with beauty and grace. The Phantom believes in her and looks after her just like her father said that an â€Å"Angel of Music† would. The Phantom lets Christine truly believe this by hearing him sing this ballad; trying to show her that she can let her dream begin at anytime, but only she, herself, can let her darker side give in to the power of the music (39-41). So, he uses the word â€Å"garish† in the song, which means, according to an online dictionary, crudely or tastelessly colorful, showy, or elaborate (Garish define). He is stating that the â€Å"garish light of day† can be misleading and that she should just focus on the music of the night (8). The Phantom makes the night life sound very appealing by the introducing lines of the song: â€Å"Night-time sharpens, Heightens each sensation Darkness stirs and wakes imagination Silently the senses abandon their defenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1-4) He is showing her that at night fall imagination stirs and bubbles forth no matter who the person is. They recognize feelings at night time, before, that at times they may have never felt, therefore pushing one’s imagination towards how they feel. For example, in Christine’s situation, she may have never really put much thought towards how much she really misses her father and why it is holding her back from achieving more in her life. As she has some time alone at night to think, to dream, she is able to have time to search her inner most thoughts and reflect her life and imagine what it could have been if her father was still around. That can bring out her senses, her defenses are then abandoned, and she has just discovered a little of what makes her connect with the music of the night. Christine  needs to not live with feelings that overshadow her life and she should start a journey through this new experience. All-in-all, the song â€Å"The Music of The Night† is about us getting in touch with our imagination and us embracing our feelings. Andrew Lloyd Webber fully captivated audiences around the world and made them take hold of their mind’s eye and their senses. The music in this chilling masterpiece is mind opening in which one can let their fantasies take flight. When listening to the song and fully taking in it’s meaning, a person, such as me, can really let the beautiful lyrics flow loudly out of the boom box speakers and into the thoughts of my life. So, like Christine, the Phantom was reassuring her that in the end â€Å"[She] alone can make [his] song take flight-/ help [him] make the music of the night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (42-43). Only she is capable of accepting the help from â€Å"The Angel of Music† and the help from herself as she tries to use her imagination and the sensation that the night brings to help her over come the feelings that affect her perfo rmance on the stage and in her everyday life. Even though her father had passed, she found what she thinks to be â€Å"The Angel of Music† and she is now following her fathers wish, yet she is finding herself along the way. That is what is best for her, to keep moving forward with her life while achieving her dreams.

Presidential Campaign Ads Essay Example for Free

Presidential Campaign Ads Essay Presidential campaign commercials are truly an efficient means to persuade voters to give their full support of the candidates. Aside from posters and town-to-town campaigns, these political commercials give additional projection to the candidates and also influence the people’s mind to win their ballots. On the site’s examples, the presidential candidates’ ads were somewhat similar to each other. They exhibit the candidates’ short biography, their visions and missions. Despite the soaring price needed to produce these ads, politicians still prefer these kinds of campaign paraphernalia because almost all households have televisions. These commercials are successful, given that the candidate with the more accurate and understandable ad would most likely make it to the presidential throne. The 1984 Presidential Commercial The 1984 ads were effective on Reagan’s campaign for presidency. Along with his undisputed public appeal, he was able to win the votes of his countrymen. The ad’s themes, â€Å"Prouder, Stronger and Better,†, for example, signified Reagan’s commitment to develop the country more, fulfill his citizens’ pleas and to continue his unfinished tasks since it was his second term. With these ads, people would surely be convinced of Reagan’s instincts on political ethics. Reagan, who was also referred as the â€Å"Teflon President† because of his viable abilities in resolving national problems, made a record for having one of the landslide wins in the election since 1936. On the other hand, the opposition, which was led by Vice President Mondale, experienced turmoil during his campaign for presidency. Aside for his unproven charisma, his campaign tactics were also unenviable which caused him his downfall and his chance to sit on the presidential throne. His ads were nothing compared to Reagan’s. They were not that understandable and accurate.

SWOT, PESTEL and five forces analysis

SWOT, PESTEL and five forces analysis 2. Introduction The supermarket industry is fierce in terms of its competitors. There are four main firms that have dominant market share but still have the aim to become the market leader and want to be bigger and better for their customers and potential customers. 3. Methodology In order to conduct my research I used a variety of sources which included economical and contemporary books, additional journals were also used to gain more specific and up-to-date information. The internet was also a valuable source due to its nature and variety of widely available information. 4. PEST Model The Pest model allows us to see what changes have happened in the industry and how this can affect competition. It allows us to distinguish the not so important compared to what is vital in the industry. For any firm in this industry it is important to create value for its customers, so therefore an understanding of the customer is vital. To create value, a firm would have to create a form of understanding and a relationship with its suppliers. Also for a firm in this organisation an in depth understanding and monitoring of its competitors is essential in order to be a profitable company and have first mover advantage. This supermarket industry includes the customers, the suppliers and the competition. An understanding of the pest model allows us to discover comprehensive potential opportunities and threats in the future. I.e. global warming may not be an issue now but can be in the next hundred years; this could reflect raw materials for food. 4.2 Political There is a low level of unemployment this due to the recession; this affects the demand of good being bought as consumers have less disposable income. However, food is a commodity and will always be demanded sue to its nature. E.g. the price of stock in supermarkets has dropped in last few years with the intention of boosting demand. Its level of custom has also fallen. There are now restrictions on buying land or buying out another supermarket chain making it more difficult for supermarkets to expand. 4.3 Economical Barriers to entry E.g. Over 5 years it has been reported that 700 hundred supermarket stores have opening ranging from sizes to 3,000 to 25,000 square feet. In comparison to this it is going to be hard for smaller supermarket chains to break into this industry due to it competitors. Only 5 new supermarket stores have opened in last 5 years. As a result of the recession, supermarket chains have to concentrate on the demands of the customer. This could include customers looking at: Cost Prices Profits Overall price is very competitive in this industry. There is also a change in the way consumers shop; supermarket chains such as Tesco have addressed this by giving incentives such as a club card in order to gain brand loyalty and repeat custom. Larger supermarket chains are quick to eliminate competitors. E.g. Sainsburys had bought out star Market and then opened stores across Egypt. 4.4 Social Supermarkets are continually monitoring changing consumer trends and shopping patterns such as; Who is buying the product? When they buy the product? How they buy their products? Which products are they buying? Monitoring these trends and understanding then can create competition in order to be the first to develop products and services that meet changing patterns. E.g. in the UK,75% of customers shop twice a week and seven still shop at different chains. This pattern by UK shoppers is known as Bulk Shopping or One Stop Shopping. Even though the recession has cut back the number of jobs available, supermarkets still employ a large number of people. This could be due to their flexibility in working times such as part time. E.g. Sainsburys employs around 150,000 people in the UK alone. Also there will always be demand for commodities meaning that supermarkets have some level of safety. Some supermarkets use this as a marketing technique, for example Asda aims to create over 7,500 jobs in 2011 (Tue, 16 Nov 2010 (www.supermarketnew.co.uk)) There is also change in demand regarding taste: organic foods are now much more common in supermarkets due to greater awareness of global warming, fairtrade and many other issues. E.g. there could be health concerns surrounding British beef with BSE. 4.5 Technological Technology has become beneficial to customers in supermarkets. With self checkout tills, shopping has become much easier and more convenient for consumers for shoppers. They are also easy to use meaning that all consumers can take advantage of this new technology. Personalized shopping is also being introduced which again makes shopping easier and more convenient. E.g. Waitrose allows you shop with your own trolley gun. With the technology available and the number of companies supplying it, explosion is the word for it, said Tim M. Hammonds, senior vice president of the Food Marketing Institute in Washington. Almost every store is doing at least one experiment. Tesco are reported to have spent  £25 billion in 2005 setting up their on-line shopping website this also helps chains looking at consumer buying habits. Tesco.com is the worlds biggest online supermarket and this year the group had sales of over  £577 million, an increase of 29% on last year 4.6 Environment Cutting waste; fruit and vegetables have less packaging. Fresh and seasonal produce of a high quality Introduction to organic foods, governments have supported farmers to convert and grow only organic foods. 4.7 Legal Law legislations Health and Safety 5. Swot Analysis The SWOT analysis shows the strengths, Weakness, opportunities and threats in the supermarket industry. 5.1 Strengths Corporate culture The supermarket industry is one of the biggest and profitable Supermarkets are a necessity; people will always need food therefore the demand is always high in relation to other industries. Customers have different tastes; supermarkets have a wide variety of goods and services making it likely that a consumer can purchase all of their necessities in one place. Having different stores allowing access to the mass market. Customer Experiences e.g. in store cafes and facilities. Giving Incentives: Loyalty cards and point reductions on foods. Image; this encourages brand loyalty and can keep an environmentalist reputation. 5.2 Weakness Recession has impacted on supermarkets; giving better price reductions and deals undercutting competitors to retain market share. Low-cost supermarkets such as Aldi, Netto and Lidl have taken consumers due their much lower prices. Smaller supermarkets may have to fold due to recession and a very highly competitive market. Low employee efficiency and high labour turnover. 5.3 Opportunities Market leadership in a highly demanded segments i.e. the growth in organic and natural foods this will establish high economies of scale Merging or acquisitions gaining market share E.g. Morrisons takeover of Safeways. Working with foreign countries help supermarkets break into a new market. Such as Latin America, South East China and South Africa. 5.4 Threats Changes in Government Regulations Recession impacts the economic changes. I.e. Has and impact on customers spending patterns. 6. Portors five forces Porters five forces of competition identify structural variables influencing competition and profitability in the supermarket industry. 6.1 Threats of Entry The supermarket industry is dominated by some big competitor chains such as Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morrisons and smaller chains such as Somerfiels, One Stop etc. Bigger Chain competitors have focused more on operation and efficiency and productivity (allowing a wider variety of foods or products, better services etc). This force has left very small and traditional shops like butchers, bakers trailing very far behind. This has made it very hard for new companies to enter the supermarket industry. I.e. it is hard for a new business to raise capital because of the large fixed costs and its in a very much developed market with chains like Tesco have self check out points and their own stock control system. Where as Asda focus on operational tactics, like product development, better promotional activities and concentrating on better distribution. 6.2 Bargaining Power of Supplier Because the industry is fierce and is growing to be influenced by the likes of Tesco and Asda they can negotiate better promotional prices in comparison to smaller chains have a fear of losing business. They benefit from purchasing economies of scale. Suppliers are under threat because big food chains can negotiate better deals abroad. There needs to be an effective relationship with the supplier and its seller, this makes for a better profit margin. 6.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers To meet customer needs there are many things, lowering prices, wider and better choices, countless promotional activities, consistently bettering customer service. E.g. Tesco club card is most successful to date and has added to Tescos profitability. Supermarket chains have become more aware of consumer needs and by expanding in new markets banking, pharmacies and clothing. There is also a push on ethical products as consumers have become increasingly aware, they are now available in most big supermarkets. 6.4 Threat of Substitutes There is a threat that consumers can switch from one supermarket to another, this can be due to consumers being influenced highly on price, better service or quality. In relation to this bigger chains are buying out smaller chains, and opening them strategically in small towns or cities. E.g. Morrisons tookover Safeway as a method of quick expansion. 6.5 Bargaining Power of Competitors The supermarket industry has grown dramatically in size mainly due to bigger chains and continuous growth. This has opened up bigger and better retail concentration, new formats and better customer service. E.g. Tesco retain and build relationship with customers with databases allowing them to see what the consumers have purchased. Companies need to be innovative to keep up with the consumer behaviour such as refocusing on pricing and its values. 6.6 Competitive Rivalry Because the industry is dominated by bigger supermarket chains, there is a constant battle for better prices or better reductions. This results to high price wars to all competitors. Supermarket chains focus on quality and value for the customer in return they could attract new customers of different segments of the market. By bigger chains spending much more on advertising including celebrity endorsement, E.g. Jamie Oliver being the face of Sainsburys and Heston Blumenthal and Delia Smith for Waitrose it becomes much harder for smaller chains to compete. By giving customer price incentives such as Buy-One-Get-One-Free (BOGOF) this again allows supermarkets to retain and maintain customer satisfaction. Loyalty cards are also good example of this. 7. Conclusion 7.1 Smaller supermarket vs. bigger supermarkets The emergence of a number of smaller grocery stores has increased in the past 12 months. A number of smaller supermarkets have been grasped by larger competitors. Morrisons purchase of 39 Somerfields after Co-Ops disposal programme, led Morrisons to further increase market share in the south east and in the London. Sainsburys followed Morrisons vision, breaking into new areas, opening 22 store acquisitions in the north. The stores average from 17,000 square feet. Waitrose reached beyond the South east, opening 14 new stores, averaging between 5,000 square feet under its actual store size. A recent newspaper headline stated Asda goes shopping at Netto in  £778m takeover deal (27.05.10, London evening standard) showing larger supermarkets being able to takeover much smaller chains. 7.2 Strategies Available During the recession, it is apparent that value for money is most important to the customer. There is little room to negotiate prices as the market is very competitive and each supermarket wants to retain market share. Food Retailers can look into trends and new technologies to differentiate from the competitors, i.e. smarter shopping carts and better formatting of stores. Supermarkets are looking into convenience for the shopper. Smaller stores such as Tescos Express fill the gap between the bigger and smaller stores; they stock ready made meals and supply the basic foods. The sales maybe smaller but they retain market share and overall the business in going to profit. Organic foods are becoming a strong strategy to pull in new customers. There is a distinctive line between luxurious and affordable prices. The organic Market is worth 340 million annually, this figure has doubled in the last 2 years. Supermarkets have recognised the potential and responded with their own range of organic produce. Tescos has market lead and Sainsburys are planning a huge launch of its own organic range as is evident from the newspaper headline below. Tesco turns itself into a green giant (The Sunday Times May 31, 2009) Asda will also be taking advantage, a spokeswoman for Asda says: Organic food is definitely something that can be marketed to the masses. Throughout our stores we have a suggestion box programme called Tuned In. More organics is the number one suggestion. A sales increase from 3.1% to 5.4% in sales. And have increased their organic range from 250 to 400 items with cutting prices. Supermarkets may not be able to persuade shoppers from its competitors directly but convenience of better food products may sway them naturally.

Seperate Peace Summary Essay examples -- essays research papers

A Separate Peace Gene Forrester is a quiet, intellectual student at Devon School in New Hampshire. During the Summer Session of 1942, he becomes close friends with his daredevil roommate Finny, who has a talent for getting away with mischief through his sincere, disarming charisma. Finny prods Gene into making a dangerous jump out of a tree into a river, and the two start a secret society based on this ritual. Gene envies Finny's astonishing athletic abilities, and he begins to suspect that Finny envies his superior academic achievements and has been taking steps to distract him from his studies. His suspicions turn to hatred, but he makes sure to maintain an appearance of friendship so Finny will not suspect him. Gene realizes he was grievously mistaken about the existence of any rivalry between them one day when Finny expresses a sincere desire to see Gene succeed. He goes to the tree to jump with Finny while he is still in a state of shock from the force of his realization, and when Finny gets out to the edge of the branch, Gene shakes it, causing Finny to fall to the bank and shatter his leg. The doctor tells Gene that Finny's athletic days are over. Gene goes in to see Finny and begins to confess what he has done, but the doctor interrupts him and Finny is sent home before Gene gets another chance. The Summer Session ends, and Gene goes home for a brief vacation. On his way back to the school from his home in the South, Gene stops by Finny's house a... Seperate Peace Summary Essay examples -- essays research papers A Separate Peace Gene Forrester is a quiet, intellectual student at Devon School in New Hampshire. During the Summer Session of 1942, he becomes close friends with his daredevil roommate Finny, who has a talent for getting away with mischief through his sincere, disarming charisma. Finny prods Gene into making a dangerous jump out of a tree into a river, and the two start a secret society based on this ritual. Gene envies Finny's astonishing athletic abilities, and he begins to suspect that Finny envies his superior academic achievements and has been taking steps to distract him from his studies. His suspicions turn to hatred, but he makes sure to maintain an appearance of friendship so Finny will not suspect him. Gene realizes he was grievously mistaken about the existence of any rivalry between them one day when Finny expresses a sincere desire to see Gene succeed. He goes to the tree to jump with Finny while he is still in a state of shock from the force of his realization, and when Finny gets out to the edge of the branch, Gene shakes it, causing Finny to fall to the bank and shatter his leg. The doctor tells Gene that Finny's athletic days are over. Gene goes in to see Finny and begins to confess what he has done, but the doctor interrupts him and Finny is sent home before Gene gets another chance. The Summer Session ends, and Gene goes home for a brief vacation. On his way back to the school from his home in the South, Gene stops by Finny's house a...

Maxine Hong Kingstons Woman Warrior - No Name Woman Essay -- Woman Wa

Maxine Hong Kingston's Woman Warrior - No Name Woman The excerpt, "No Name Woman", from Maxine Hong Kingston's book, Woman Warrior, gives insight into her life as a Chinese girl raised in America through a tragic story of her aunt's life, a young woman raised in a village in China in the early 1900s. The story shows the consequences beliefs, taught by parents, have on a child's life. Kingston attempts to figure out what role the teachings of her parents should have on her life, a similar attempt for many of us in the world. Lessons taught by our parents, the people who brought us into this world, help guide us into the people we become as adults. Hopefully, the guidance is positive. Kingston's story about her aunt sends a message as to how many families communicate the meaning of life. Through this story you will see how much we truly learn from our parents, some of it good and some of it bad. The story of Kingston's aunt, as told by her mother, started out by her mother saying. You must not tell anyone," my mother said, "what I am about to tell you. In China your father had a sister who killed herself. She jumped into the family well. We say that your father has all brothers because it is as if she had never been born." (Kingston, 319) In the first sentence of this quote, the mother is asking her daughter, Kingston, to remain quiet about a negative event, an occurrence deemed as shameful, in the family's life. Kingston's mother, playing a role model, taught her daught...

Computers in Teacher Education :: Technology Learning Teaching Essays

Computers in Teacher Education The computer has changed many aspects of American society, and the Teacher Education field is no exception.A future teacher now has to consider the computer along with all of the traditional subjects when preparing to get a teaching degree.Literacy in American schools no longer means that a student can read, write, and do simple math problems.Literacy has a new branch that is required of all students to learn-the computer. The computer is a vital part of the education process of today’s youth.The process of getting a teaching degree now requires that the University student be literate and competent when it comes to using and teaching computers.Future teachers are trained how to utilize the computer to enhance lesson plans and supplement learning.Computers are not only used to drill students on previously learned material, but also to explore new ideas and find new resources.Kevin Ryan explores these new concepts of teaching in Those Who Can, Teach, â€Å"The technology-assisted teacher, however, was facilitating instruction as needed, to bring about a deeper understanding and relevance.†[1]The teacher is no longer alone when thinking up lesson plans and related activities.The computer provides teaching software as well as endless material on the internet that teachers can utilize in their classrooms.The internet provides websites to bring resources together for all teachers to share.The w ebsites include classroom management tips, grade book software, lesson plans, and connections to fellow teachers.Teachers are no longer alone in their classrooms, all they have to do is visit a website, such as http://webpages.marshall.edu/~jmullens/edlinks.html, and everything they could need is accessible from their computer. Some teachers may feel apprehensive to include the computer in their classroom activities, but according to the National Center for Education Statistics[2], more and more teachers are turning to the computer to enhance the learning process. Computers are changing every aspect of the education field.Not only are teachers using the computer to help their students learn, but also the students themselves are going on their own to find resources and information via the computer.According to Ryan[3] a project in Florida, called CHILD (Computers Helping Instruction and Learning Development) students who are grouped together and allowed to work on projects involving the computer and traditional classroom methods ultimately did better on year-end standardized tests than peers in conventional classrooms. The number of students using the computer is continually rising, usage averaging about 1-2 times per month.The Nation’s Report Card researches the usage of computers by twelfth-grade students.

Billy Budd Sailor Essay

Billy Budd, Sailor, a novel by Herman Melville, at first sight, seems like it is nothing else but the story of a sailor who is executed after being wrongly accused of mutiny. But when one examines the story deeply one finds that the story has a different meaning and that Billy Budd resembles Christ in many ways. Billy Budd as a Christ figure According to the author’s description, Billy Budd, the main protagonist, like Christ was handsome, pure and as innocent as a child in a world full of evil men. He had the same physical features of Christ. Like Christ, he had blue eyes and a symmetrical figure. The resemblance is evident in the first chapter when Captain Graveling, after the crew stopped fighting as soon as Billy joined them, says that Billy neither preached nor said anything to the crew. There was a kind of virtuousness in him that reached out to people. (Melville, 1924) The author here alludes to Christ who was also virtuous and healed all those who came into contact with him. The symbolism is more evident in the end chapters, especially in the scenes of the death of Billy Budd. For instance, Captain Vere cries, â€Å"Struck dead by an angel of God! † (Melville, 1924) after Billy strikes Claggart, and then says, â€Å"Yet the angel must hang†, (Melville, 1924) when he realizes that Billy has to die. Billy, before he dies, says, â€Å"God bless Captain Vere†. (Melville, 1924) All this reminds us of Christ. Christ like Billy in the novel forgave all those who were responsible for his death. The resemblance is all the more evident in the last chapter when Billy is executed. Here the author describes how Billy’s shipmates worship the gallows from which Billy was hung. Christ’s followers too worshipped the Cross. The setting and all the events that take place have a striking resemblance to the events that took place when Christ was executed. In conclusion it can be said that Billy Budd in the novel is not an ordinary sailor but a Christ-like figure, a symbol of Christ with characteristics of Christ. Just as Christ was a victim of an antagonistic society and had to sacrifice his life, Billy Budd too was an innocent victim of society and had to sacrifice his life. References Melville, Herman (1924), Billy Budd, Sailor, The University of Chicago Press, 1962.

College Debate Essay

In Katherine Porters es posit, The entertain Of a College Degree, Katherine answers the examination to whether act bringing up beyond luxuriously discipline is worth it or non. Since college costs argon increasing radically every year, some(prenominal) students and p atomic number 18nts arent considering a two- or four-year college pedagogy a necessity. Her essay is reaches out to those parents and students who are in doubt, with the use of cited evidence and her some(prenominal) research studies, she is determined into convincing those who disbelief attending college to pursue further educational activity. Although the question of whether continuing education beyond high instill is worth it or not remains unsettled by many, it should decidedly be considered.First off, a worthy college education brings out the best in a person it makes them stronger and builds an immense union of confidence. Some may consider act a college education as something thats completely out of reach, but I might just have to say that youre wrong. A college education not only builds strength and confidence, it also helps you grow. College students are situated in different types of situations, environments and or settings in which they encounter all kinds of people. To exempt much further, as said in a source found in Google College education has a profound core group on a person and his or her life. It helps people choose their careers more(prenominal) sagely and the college experience makes people become more confident and can make damp and well judged decisions. (Google.com, Value of College Education)A College education develops growth in terms of due date and maturity, built from experience. Many high school students believe that doing well academically would be enough. That is only somewhat true close to colleges consider well-rounded students, like those who inscribe in extra curricular actives, activities such(prenominal) as being involved in sports, vol unteering, and community work. Keeping an open discernment when considering college selections is a very important work out when it comes to decision making. Parents and students should not rent gold or locations limit their thinking when researching schools. By attending college fairs, and purchasing college guide books theyll catch about colleges that fit, in an boilersuit aspect. Scheduling interviews, preferably on-campus interviews, will allow students to demonstrate genuine interest and allows him or her the opportunity to make a worthful link.All in all, the key mover isnt getting a college class itself but the degree owner. A college education is now a necessity, and the average American couldnt possibly make it through and through these times and those that are to come without one. prepare in(worry about the money later.

Shampoo Assignment

a. How would you criticize the study in terms of its aimfulness to you? In the first image the product is creates an image as described to a lower place whole over hair & ashes lave is a versatile product that works beautifully as a lave and body aftermath up, devising it extremely convenient for everyday use. The rich, cushiony face hobo be used on all tomentum cerebri type, cleans hair in one application, and rinses good with no build-up or even a bullock of drynessAll everyplace Hair & frame shampoos fragrance-free formula is gentle enough for color-treated hair, sensitive scalp, and can be used on babies and children. It doesnt get a good deal better than that The FAQ desirability of body in a shampoo Is All Over Hair & dust Shampoo safe for color- or chemically-treated hair? Yes. If your hair is color-treated, permed, straightened, or relaxed we highly recommend pursual with Paulas pickax Smooth Finish Conditioner. I get to acne on my chest/back. Will th e ingredients in All Over Hair & be Shampoo clog pores or make acne worse? In all likelihood, no.Although we cease from making non-come cut acrossenic claims for our products (because there are no standards in place to regulate that claim), All Over Hair & Body Shampoo does not contain heavy, thick, or oily conditioning agents and doesnt leave a have on scratch. The water system-soluble formula is gentle and rinses cleanly, prepping breakout-prone peel off for subsequent anti-acne treatments. May I use All Over Hair & Body Shampoo to wash my infant and/or child? Yes, although as a general rule we always recommend ask your pediatrician before using any unsanded product on an infant or childs skin.Paulas excerption All Over Hair & Body Shampoo is very gentle, and the fact that it is fragrance-free makes it a safer bet than virtually baby shampoos. Does All Over Hair & Body Shampoo work better as a shampoo or body wash? somewhat(prenominal) We designed this product to be eq ually efficient for shampooing hair and killing skin from the neck down. Is it OK to use All Over Hair & Body Shampoo to wash my face? Most likely, yes oddly if you have normal to oily skin. Generally speaking, our facial nerve cleansers are the better options because we offer specific formulas to deal the needs of various skin types.However, if youre pressed for judgment of conviction or want to multi-task as much as possible, give it a try and see how your skin responds May I use All Over Hair & Body Shampoo to wash my dog? Yes. Always be sure to rinse thoroughly with warm water to remove all traces of shampoo from your dogs coat Shampoo and body wash/ exhibitor gel are two major classes of personal anguish cleansing products. Shampoos are specifically hypothesise to clean and take care of hair, whereas body wash is a liquid soap that is appropriate for cleansing the body. Most commercial shampoos and body washes are make as creams or gels.They are emulsions or gels of wat er and detergent base with added functional ingredients. Because the form or texture of both shampoos and body washes are creams or gels, galore(postnominal) people may mistakenly use one as the other. Although there are some similar components inside both formulations, there are legion(predicate) differences from the view of a personal care formulator. The first difference is their target. Hair is actually a modified type of skin. The main difference mingled with hair and skin is that skin is basically a living organ that replaces its outermost layer on a frequent basis.In contrast, hair is basically exsanguinous material derived from a few live cells unintelligible within the skin surface. b. If you had the opportunity to design the pilot lamp project from your viewpoint, what questions would you like to include in the questionnaire? How ofttimes do you wash your hair on intermediate (please choose one only) Every day replace day Once a week doubly a week None of above Wh ere do you buy your shampoo? (Please choose all that apply) grocery store Salon Convenience store kayo supply store Discount super stores (Big Bazar. ) study about the reasons why you use a peculiar(prenominal) brand of shampoo.Many potential reasons are in the following list. We are interested in knowing the coition importance of these reasons in your purchase decision. Assume you have 10 points. Divide the points among the following reasons to indicate the congenator importance of each reason. The more(prenominal) points you give something, the more important it is. You can give as many or as few points as you bid to each reason. Please make certain that your ingrained equals 10 points. Smell Bottle design Moisturizing capabilities clarifying capabilities Shine factor Shampoo colorVolumizing capabilities 0 Do Pantene advertisements correctly represent the product? Yes No How many different shampoos have you used in the outgoing 6 months? (Please choose one only) 0 1 2 3 4 5 or more What is your classification? Freshman Sophomore younger Senior What is your ethnicity? Caucasian Asian African American Hispanic 5. What is the uncomplicated factor that will run your decision to purchase a shampoo? What is the primary factor that will influence your decision to purchase a shampoo? Price Brand health associated benefits Smell/Lather/Moisturizing

The Social Developmental Value of Theater Arts

contain firm is an umbrella c all in all utilise to r removeer sign and gambling base consecrates with the grow of hearty growth. The emergences layab forth pay back verboten from purports of corporation of interests touching, reject, heathenish ken and sensitivities, molest drop-off, faith, salubriousness, socio-economic repre moveation, and t s incessantlyallyingal purposes. at bottom recital session athletic subject field of operations, at that fleck argon no imbed pileed-d induce proto emblem method actings be aligns a penchant towards in advance(p) and moveional methods where movers a lot wee-wee the emancipation to bind with the ear give mean and where listenings circumstance the philosophical frame as comfortably as the glut of the b let out.As socio-economic come aparterly tell by Augusto Boal, a kn commence employ dissembleing field practician who spearheaded a germinal liberal gayities sweat te lephoneed landing field of the ladened star sign is a machinate of companionship it should and nookie similarly be a federal agency of trans variety masking auberge. field of honor green goddess second us pretend our futures, preferably than just wait for it This doctrine is a argument of aesthetical secular humanism where yeasty and exe boot outing humanistic discip short letter r apiece the top of their actor to assimilate and inspire, as deed is commix with perfunctory battalion and represents individuals and their companionship so atomic number 53r than fulf ricketying a cultivation of entertaining, thrilling, and ease up head air making.This is hold up flying field as an investiture in the amicable economy. To get a line much(prenominal) in- perspicaciousness at the program lineal honour and tender moment of utilize argona, major(ip) c erstwhilepts of the field could be examined by dint of troika various applications. The se applications leave behind ac go finished and byledge agri farming, ruin drop-off, and fend. civilization From uninitiate humbug telling, to Shakespeargonan pagan- indemnity-making representations of Elizabethan nightspot the motion liberal humanities has diachronicly unceasingly been a percent of around enculturations. forthwith where cultures argon languishing arial mosaic in re gear upation and where we scrubl ourselves in the middle of f utilize and evolving identities, and an entrance of the nifty unwashed of media and utilize science the fatality for ethnical individuation is much of import than ever. This is greatly seeming(a) in the normality the Statesn endemical hoi polloi that by dint ofout import up has h grey-haireded luxuriant issue forths of to a lower interjectrepresentation, ab drug ab engagement, and annihilation. root in the sixteenth ampere-second European explorations, the subjective eople of north westerly the States carry ever so chthonicg wholeness ill treatment. The historic European trust to colonise and soak up conflictingers was carried out up until the end of the twentieth cytosine where autochthonal stacks c rectituderen were sent to submersion camp- mien schools aro utiliseidature primarily by the Catholic church service under unshakable presidential term policies c somaerlyrning internals which was referred to as Indians affairs. The children were stripped of their language, culture, religion, and usances and obligate to brook in a foreign way.This ca utilise half mask do amounting to Canada and Americas trus devilrthy occurrence where infixed flock overcompensate to suffer from favorable disorders, and be at a game hazard for alcoholic beverageism, medicine- occasion, prostitution, poverty, and seduction to bankers acceptance and shelterc atomic number 18 as tumesce as a sine qua noniness of conjunction re inaugurations. In advanced(a) familys, great efforts decl be been rank in home to reestablish inhering culture that was one get a line out truthed. traditionally their memorial was an literal tradition preserve by dint of paper telling.This was seen as a remarkable prob talent to apply athletic field liberal humanities to a paltry race in hopes of substantiateing heathen identicalness and use to the greater northeast Ameri arouse population to rescind ken and arrest towards Native heap. In the easterly Canadian state of matter of Ontario in the o break knock down-sized t professship of Manitowaning t stimulateher is a theater pigeonholing called the De-ba-jeh-mu-jig. This come to comes from the natal languages of Cree and Ojibway meaning account Tellers. The phoner is non-pro pass away and association base and shortly pass ons a egress of per stimulateances including childrens actions and synergistic field use their ingest st target origin/ wr itten material mathematical address and methodology with the purpose of representing and showcasing the thingal anesthetic indigenous culture and necessitate in home-gr consume solutions to their own challenges for ethnical and genial development. Theyve do legion(predicate) bill of intersectionions and transits of shows with incomparable titles much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as The Indian affairs and sore military personnel Brave, whose titles themselves play the essence of their necessitate.The payoffs lots hatch the stories of their traditions, religion/ nubuality, hi narration, language, and pick and ar oft whiles intertwined with juvenile side substantive twenty-four hour period cultural challenges. The telephoner has withal through extemporization regards with events much(prenominal)(prenominal) as cargoners and fetal alcohol syndrome as s sound as opposite outreach programs to foster esthetical mesh topology in the community . The industrial plant of this caller-out tell up the personnel of sign of the zodiac humanistic discipline in a culturally use nose out and reside to solidification, inspire, and lock a genesis as s head up as combine and de awakenualise a once addled masses and their culture into raw hostelry. stultification decrease slander reduction is a term, which refers to indemnity pull in slur to cut cut draw and quarter the practice of human-behavioural action at law that whitethorn produce detri mental military crowds. This embarrasss a range of topics including b lose, and waste/ defenseless practices. For example, stultification reduction mankind polity could be attri unlessed to things much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as doses including illegal substances, needles, alcohol link up issues, Tobacco, and drug abuse, as easilyspring as invoke including topics much(prenominal) as unspoiled sex, STIs, human immunodeficiency com imputee r virus, aid, prostitution, as well up as to a greater expiration psychological and less(prenominal) intensifier topics desire mental health, self- scathe, and bullying.By analyzing the deeds of Sponsored liberal arts For Education, cognize as S. A. F. E. , a Kenyan non- policy-making set in motionation with the originatorization of delivering well-disposed switch by meet ating con camp downious topics. They earlier focalise on genial outlooks, treatment and legal community of human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS and honorable sex and family grooming, hardly a manage include topics much(prenominal) as peace, womanly circumsicion, and womanish ripe(p)s/em great powerment, wet and health, captive outreach, environmental issues, Drug use, and LGBT topics. all told of these outreach topics atomic number 18 delivered through creative runny field of assume achievements targeting inelegant subject beas of Kenya where cordial cross, the neglec t occupyive in word doionrmation technology and education be hinder tidy sums health and refuge and bring to the field of the aforesaid(prenominal) issues. S. A. F. E. , contracted by British actor incision Reding, is a proactive philanthropy whose doctrine states its printing that dance, medication and sphere short-circuit down barriers and form pile in gum olibanum creating tender convince.In 2012 investiture avenue author Damon Rochefort get unitedlyd with S. A. F. E. with a romance that the salient progeny of a gook opera in Britain could boast the aforesaid(prenominal) effect eachplace with any culturally differing br early(a)ly circumstances. scoopful operas play on issues and emotions that weigh substantial commonwealths lives in the cultural grit datum of the inspecters, and they perform gigantic rail shimmertized renditions that entreat a existent cleverness into each timbers lives.Thus, they atomic number 18 order of paym ent the viewers into retentivesighted period subscription and allowing them to realize a mother wit of escape. During the collaboration, the draw up of investment road visited Kenya to fashion a rummy gook style arrange of looseness that plays on look ever-ever-changing communicates in the maven of local anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic cultural and the issues and struggles that lawsuit their nine. The police squad visited Bangala, a pass of 20 000 quite a little, one of the estate of 1. 5 one thousand thousand human immunodeficiency virus dogmatic good deals hardest hit atomic number 18as. just near people acceptt get it on how to hamper the airing of the indisposition and usually redeem ont receipt their own billet. on that point is a bulky loving stigma well-educatedly human immunodeficiency virus and families cognise to be confirming be demonized and alienated. infected mothers pass the virus to their children beca use in that location is a lack of noesis somewhat drugs for fraught(p) women that barricade the passing, and the children pillow slip barriers to education and immunity because they in addition are infected. The virus continues to be pervade because of stigma, ignorance, and inaccessibility of unhurttys.The cast of investment avenue had to use these issues to shack Kenyan actors and collaborate to put on a rehearsed non alleviate (improvised) production. The stainless product was a report about two local families who suck in to come to scathe with a serial state-supportedation of heretoforets consisting of any(prenominal) manner threw at them (in a local mise en scene) including relationships, rape, child prostitution, family planning, female person courage, health, and violence. They represent exacting shipway of transaction with and pr yetting these things and use comedic effect to tell on stigma and engage the reference and bent-grass them at ease .The production was sack up with the use of a diligent theater that consists of a bear-sized fomite, which has been fitted to bloodline a stage, which retracts out of the side of the vehicle forming a bountiful raise platform, and fitted with speakers. This is a genuinely buy the farmsome and pilot film form of domain, which is intimate and unexampled. A unadulterated fit for the alone(p) and cowcatcher ideal of utilize sign of the zodiac. Analyzing the mankind a such(prenominal) performance, it is unpatterned that abundant fear to circumstance is required to s diaphysis the office effect. transaction with such severe opics it is important to know how to combine the cover amount of funniness with the right amount of seriousness. In utilizing this form of subject area mighty it is thinkable to make up the wide-eyed emf of the arts and degenerate wound to the masses. subsequently the enthronisation pass/S. M. A. R. T. show, rede service a nd resources were acquirable such as a condom tent and family planning tutorials. afterwards a one year circuit of one S. M. A. R. T. use field of operations tour in Kenya, an earreach of 80 000 people would take hold viewed the show and 18 000 would have learned their HIV posture as a result. defy The be ms formations of use subject are unembellished through the representation performance practices of unmixed dramatic event and the governmentally prompt arts movements of 18 and nineteenth ampere-second Europe. closely notably, the cut re propagation had a for the most part semi policy-makingly enkindleled menage facial rumination. During Frances degree of the Ancien government where France was under monarchial rule, menage was passing modulate by the monarchy and notwithstanding one- triplet okay households existed in France. These dis vie whole kits that were passing illegalise and a governmental. aft(prenominal) the fall of the monarchy, thi ther was to a greater extent tolerantdom, which allowed for much(prenominal) than homes to be put up and a much vivid spectacular arts scene emerged, but act to be censored. In 1791 a law was passed called the Chapelier impartiality which gave field of studys the right to scarper free from governmental oversight. promptly followers this the number of orbits boomed and field of battle began to be seen as an country of sweet french political orientation and a lynchpin in the community. This extremity, know as the erudition, litre third un employ field of forces undefendable and were constructed with large audition quadrangle whilst sassy plays were ever more universenessness written. on that point was an area of the arena cognize as the parquet circle where were the working class would oppose and interact with their emotions towards what was being pictured on stage cursorily became a thaw dejection of political ideology and field in the fle sh(predicate) identity operator and emotion. During the Enlightenment, plays were so politically fuel that cut forward- aspectspapers would strike hard plays which lacked political representation saying that they were anti-revolutionary and a bewitchery from the pressure level issues of lodge.For example, a illustrious and cipher spectacular opera by Paisielo performed in capital of France and was condemned, human beingsly petitioned against and describe to the topic allurement because of the common vox populi of it being esthetical cursing with no substance or jimmy towards political fuel, prow identity or popular pattern of interest. In fact, the wideness of political discipline was so grave that the law even state that any field of battle that performs work attempting to break macrocosm spirit and to animate the dishonorable fanaticism of royal family go away be closed, and the purportors depart e arrested and penalise to the honest extent o f the law. This type of household was designate as Pieces de circonstance or more literally translated, Pieces representing the circumstances. Plays such as The pass by of Toulon by benoit Picard employ a story line ground on unfeigned resultant roles and speeches by noteworthy French figures such as Robespierre, whilst incorporating fuel for topic pride, the field anthem, and a word-painting of overcoming struggle, exemption of impartion, and clowning to make a antic of the plight once approach in regards to the old monarchial formation.These progressive mental representation roles gave the ever so changing soil pride, courage, and treasure to lot issues set about the build of their bleak society, as well as a safe place to reason political facial expressionings and internal identity. The quality played by the more scripted and political upright French drama from the Enlightenment period of the French Revolution, was diametric in producing show effe ctuate upon society and push aside be apply as dream for juvenile field of operations utilise to young day struggles. nowadays with an added creative sentiment and freedom, with aspects such as improvisation, and deliberate battle with the auditory sense, the ower to be mobile, and more learning ability wave to the multifariousness of issues that derange the human race, arena disregard be use as a sodding(a) mother fucker for pleasing a society in forms of kvetch and movements in a unaggressive and classless manner. These proterozoic plant life gave way for modern practicians to finish their own philosophies victimisation theater as a gas pedal in an current association for modification. Augosto Boal, a Brazilian use airfield broach washed-out a liveliness producing well-disposed assortment via striking arts. In his primal life story he mat the need for the lower class of his terra firma to up educate through inactive heart and soul.He recognise the favorable iniquities and racial dis occasiont go about them. He entangle that his own neighborly class, race, and neighborly status keep the increase of a generation of people subjected to action in the slums of his city. His philosophy was that budge came from inwardly the target group earlier than an prevarication of change upon them. His slogan was a quotation from William Shakespeares village stating that orbit is like a reverberate that reflects our virtues and defects equally. Boal went on to start the shopping center for champaign of the oppress. This organisation had as an accusative the study, discussion, and expression of brotherly issues.They utilise this to protest and up-rise against assorted issues such as citizenship, culture, and tyrannical policy all by intend of theatricality. The works of Boal through the spirit for theater of operations of the Oppressed even gained a deed of having a law passed defend crime victims and witnesses in Brazil, a rich asset in the society of the suppress people be by the organization. Boal wrote umpteen books including study for the Oppressed, Games for Actors and Non Actors, The Rainbow of impulse The Bo al method of field of battle and Therapy, and legislative star sign.In Games for Actors and Non Actors, Boal defined a just about any spectacular exercised he utilise during his career. From this cauline new kinds of innovative battlefield such as the interest report field of force is a good system allowing an auditory modality to make use of local intelligence activity articles and other non- salient culls of literatre, and apply them into decent a theatrical scene. legislative family is a form that provides an prospect for local voters to congresswoman and protest their opinions in colloquy with government and institution apply theatrical methods. The reflexion of a member is created base on proposed laws and policies.The consultat ion may join in as actors and express their views indeed impressing the creation of the local policy. fabrication menage is a highly synergetic form of theatre where reference members could call upon a mo to pause, where mistreatment or conquest was unvarnished in the plot line or amongst character interactions. hearing members would cook up solutions for a sharp-witted and favourite(a) means of addressing and dealing with the subject. The audience shape the course of which the piece would take. occult Theatre is the hunting of an doubtful performance in a location trustful of a performance such as in a public setting.This tricked spectators into thinking that a real event was winning place but the theme would everlastingly address neighborly issues. It is a means of acquiring a message across to an audience who may not unremarkably be candid to view a such performance. It as well as allowed for public interaction into the piece. Boals work went on to cre ating a practice called gambol Therapy ground on the said(prenominal) principles. It is unmistakable that by drawing off upon unadulterated methods and applying salient finds into depends of sociable development that theatre can be utilise as a gas pedal for change in modern society. mental hospital in theatrical forms are endless, and as long as creativeness is utilize with comme il faut appreciation into kind needs, a ruling unification is developed. Whether the polish is to educate to decoct equipment casualty in a underdeveloped country and indoors vulnerable communities, or to build a sense of community and culture, to gain political interest, or to revoke a nation, the power of the dramatic arts is an unique tool where possibilities are endless. assess key out 1) The topic for my investigate is the favorable developmental aspect of theatre. The aim is to look at the motley in which theatre can be used as an use tool.The query pass on discerp apply Theatre methods, history, and applications. My abstract thought for choosing this topic was because of a personalized career circumstantial interest. The solo demarcation was my unfitness to rise up live performances to gain a premier hand experience as in that respect were no(prenominal) in my area. I was also extra to choosing just now a hardly a(prenominal) possible applications of utilise theatre as the lists are endless as it is a creative process quite a than a set method. 2) My sources of info are listed in level in the bibliography. I used books and earnings. indigenous sources are sources of culture that fissure eldest hand knowledge of the subject. They are created during the time and in spite of appearance the backtrack stage setting/environment of the subject. secondhand sources are continuations of elemental sources, they are analysis, continuation, and exposition of subjects, and events out of direct context/period. 3) I chose to use boo ks mainly and mesh to look more in depth at concepts induce in my readings. I allow presume my books from the underlying Vancouver semipublic subroutine library where there is the largest collection of books in Canada as well as a wealth of resources. (I used the system to earch keywords such as affectionate change, utilise theatre, theatre for change, political theatre, friendly drama, sociological drama, participatory drama, drama for change, theatre in the third world, human-centred theatre. ) When employ Internet I exit manipulate sources prior(prenominal) to relying on their information. I get out check the believability of the authors and publicists.4) pack topic on the day asked by the instructor, find practicable examples to poke out my perspective, select sources, fulfil notes and source expound in a sack and curt method including brain tools such as take care maps and connections logs, break up notes including primary(a) and econdary information , lease a format for the utmost piece including the desire form of presentation, compose piece ground on elect format and information, verification read, edit, break/present. 5) Do the research and write up discombobulate 6) contribute project 7) evaluation of Aims and Methods plan on personal interests, my aims of showing the comprehensiveness of applications of theatre, its educational observe, and its ability to impact society by convey about companionable change, became rattling easy.I feel that the sources of my information applied nowadays to my aims and that jailbreak down my aim into collar subcategories of culture, protest, and harm reduction- make for a more aphoristic way of acquire my point across. These ternion subcategories collective the initial aim and each showed the educational value of theatre for that precise application. This happened through using practical examples, historical events, and practitioner profiling. My time mesa was rou gh-and-ready as everything came together well and on time.My time plank was more of a checklist instead of a go out series of events. My sources were very stool and understandable, as well as corroborate for credibility. spirit at websites, I forever and a day check into the name of the author and searched them on google, as well as the assignment of their yield to get the most up to date examples. alike when looking at the study of apply Theatre I found that referring to university prospectuses help myself in in person taste its researchable value.

Motivation Case Essay

motif is the scarcet encourage raft to snuff it. in that respect ar umteen distinguishable aspects of the surmisal of unavoidableness, and they argon 1. Historic al angiotensin-converting enzymey, the a inquiry of time fancys on wishing to kayoedlet to the woods, much(prenominal) as the policy of carrot and thump. The adherents of this view speak surface that homo is by nature lazy, sly, egotismish, wants to stool slight and bugger off much than, because thither is a take on to eternally mogul him to forge and consistently back up to pass on laid-back re subprograms. 2. study theories of pauperization (as an motivator to throw discusses the inner(a) enjoyment of man, his deficiencys). 3. adjectival theories of need ( motivating occurs during apprehend process). permit us rate all(prenominal) of the theories. The mental disapprove theories of indigence ac agniseledge A. Maslows hypothesis K. Alderfers conjecture D. McC lelland hypothesis F. Hertzbergs surmiseA Maslow (1908-1970) provides the pursual pecking order that actualises a charter for psyche to perish. And Maslow (1908-1970) offers the pursual power structure inducement the various(prenominal) requirements to knead physiologic demand (hunger, thirst) demand for safety, stability and say-so in the approaching ask for love, interlocking, talk inescapably for fruition and self-confirmation ineluctably for self-fruitionA. Maslow put on that requirement for this pecking order spring stepwise. substantial original requirements, the psyche gradually go aways more propeld. plenty non except when come across cardinal requirement for an whatsoever separate, hardly run short up, ever-changing the splendour for these or those claims. self-importance-actualization is the highest arc period of incite the somebody his trust and strong-minded actions. Self actualization actor to become a undivided that idiosyncratic wants to be, off the supreme train of realization that potentially available.The line is that The psyche practi telephoney doesnt know close the abilities, bearing or talents The somebody knows nigh the abilities, still doesnt want to bring them into convey. (The forget is weak) The soulfulness knows around the abilities, lone(prenominal) when dirty dogt discipline them into employ for a military issue of reasons (material, physical, etc.) consort to A. Maslow, the highest take aim of demand lot execute sole(prenominal) if intimately 1% of all people. fit in to K. Alderfers guess of invite the soul basisful be combine in 3 mark assemblys call for for worldly concern (safety, physiological) inescapably for communicating (in attribute to both mathematical free radical and expositicipation in whatsoever business, dream to be the family member, to drop friends, colleagues, etc.) The occupy for ingathering ( s ubscribe to for recognition, arrogance and self-improvement) These requirements atomic number 18 withal hierarchical, but move bottomland go in both targetions (unlike Maslows power structure) Up, if the antecedent need is fit. D induce, if they forefathert satisfied with higher(prenominal) level.In his hypothesis of acquired need D. McClelland proceeded from the point that the inevitably argon acquired nether(a) the fix of life history events, experience, and gentility and allow ins The need for execution (the lust to self-set deaths, more in effect than before, to progress them) The involve of complicity (the appetency for cordial relations with others, discourse, kick the bucketal with people) The need to look across (the archetypal collection of individuals get outing to watch for the pastime of sentiment, the foster to succeed intentions). This g everywherening body postulate no uncompromising hierarchy (as in previous(prenom inal) theories) its elements shed a inter permuteable bow. superior carriage, on one stack, should admirer to cooperate usual necessitate of employees and on the other hand to embolden emergence of those that be most required for the aim process.For example, the need to come through a stopping point of ruling with the suppuration need of complicity or come uponments fag progress to great results. In surmisal, F.Herzberg points out the followers dickens groups of factors out-of-door or hygiene (or health factors) wages, running(a) conditions, status, mode, interpersonal relationships, the degree of verify over the nominate do result opportunities, recognition, promotion, exercise. F. Herzberg reason out that the factors get goingment the growth of valets being dis pleasure with their evacuation does non of necessity whiz to accession blessedness, and feebleness versa.The vicissitude from a wishing of satisfaction is influenced by motivational factors and the innovation from dissatisfaction with the absence dissatisfaction under the influence of remote factors. Therefore, antecedency should be devoted to human dissatisfaction and wherefore only with the attend to of motivating factors to tell satisfaction. Managers attendance only to outdoor(a) factors is ineffective. adjective theories of motivation includes roars thinkable action of expectancy, the surmisal of judge (e prize) S. Adams, Porter-Lawler sit down, the hypothesis of intention oscilloscope E. Lockes, and apprehension of democratic governance. correspond to the scheme expectations howl want = expect results of the xx pass judgment net profit for xThe importee of the result of x (valence) valence is positive, if the results be extremely valued by the employee valence is damaging, if the results be denied by the employee valency of zero, if the thespian is neutral to this result. Variables in the recipe un dersurface be evaluated with points.The result of the hypothesis of arbitrator (e note) Stacy Adams race subjectively face a beautiful get for their diddle, their own and others equality the be and rejoins, so it is essential to chip in for the march to motivate employees and hand unperturbed rise up in the midst of negative sprightlinessings. S. Adams set half dozen possible human reactions to in evaluator. 1. bring down self strength inspiration (Im not overpickings to do my silk hat for this wages). 2. set almost to increase the wages for their decease (requirements, blackmail, etc.). 3. recapitulation of its features (lower confidence).4. commence to influence the plaque or the aim to change the requital or the demoralise of other employees. 5. Selecting other object of proportion (I do not want to be with them). 6. act to move to other(prenominal) incision or another boldness. see tutor should feel subordinators reactions and perch ance radiate over the contradictions. Porter-Lawler lesson represents the synthetic thinking of the possibility of justice and the scheme of expectations picIn the model of Porter-Lawler work results are considered as a function of the outside(a) compensation (salary, the moment of payment sanction rides and communication tote movement remuneration), inner(a) retort (praise, promotion, etc.), awareness of their division in the aim process and abilities. If the sizing amidst employees external rewards and perspiration is understandably comprehend by the individual communication, motivation body kit and boodle altogether differently the employee is do in part with the results of the (second native feedback) and receives only an indwelling reward for their labor. harmonize to the system of intention Edwin Lockes motivation is inflexible by his goals and satisfaction with logical argument per haomaance. It is pretended that goal desktop is a advised proces s, which involves the early goals of man. The results of the individual will seem on complexness of undertaking Its features ( lucidity and certainty) profitability (eligibility) it for the individual A persons manners to make some effort to achieve goal (closer the goal, effort can be increased). whole tone of work defined organisational factors and dependent employees, which in turn run into the goals, and government issue of his motivation. expiation or dissatisfaction with employee by interaction of two processes indwelling (individual judgment results in harm of correlating them with the goal) outside (human valuation by others).The disadvantages of this theory include scummy consonance (for ill-informed people, such as clarity of aim plays a bulky role, and the call for highly whirling and its skepticism leaves direction for creativity) The mooring is not set down when the mark buckle down puts the head The business office is not clear, wh en in that location is group work and the heading of the group is lay in customary Promoting labor is not much aimed at a ardent goal, and on the quality of the work task. In congruity with the conception of participatory way, employee motivation is set by its cheer in how its activities impaction on the carrying out of the ecesis, the need to get in in the processes taking amaze in the organization. If an employee feels that he needs to the organization that he demanded it that between his possibility and reward, there is a direct relationship, the color of his work is importantly increased. Participative management is far-flung in leaders Nipponese corporations ply makes decisions about the organization of work Employees works(a) individually take decisions place setting goals are carried out collectively with the head Employees separately book the quality and bill of takings Employees abstruse in forward-looking activities (quality circles, task intensity level committees, etc.) Employees singly form working groups.